GNU: The GNU Operating System
GNU Operating System | |
|---|---|
| Started | January 1984 |
| Founder | Richard Stallman |
| Governed By | Free Software Foundation |
| Official Website | https://www.gnu.org/ |
1 Description
GNU utilities are distributed as a part of most Linux distributions. GNU utilities include things like cat, sed, grep, find, which, etc.
2 GNU Core Utilities
The GNU Core Utilites constitute an array of command line programs which are usually a part of any Linux based operating system.
| GNU Core Utilities | |
|---|---|
| Program Name | Description |
arch |
Prints the computer architecture type. |
b2sum |
Print or check a BLAKE2b (512 bit) checksum. |
| base32 | Encode and or decode data and print the output to standard output (STDOUT). |
| base64 | Encode and or decode data and print the output to standard output (STDOUT). |
| basename | Take a filepath as input, produce as output the name of the file with directory components removed. |
| basenc | Encode and or decode data and print the output to standard output (STDOUT). |
cat |
Concatenate files and print to standard output (STDOUT). |
chcon |
Change the SELinux security context of a given file to a new context. |
| chgrp | Change the group ownership of one or more files. |
| chmod | Change the file mode bits (RWX) of one or more files. |
| chown | Change the owner and or group of one or more files. |
| chroot | Execute a command, or run an interactive shell with a special root directory. |
| cksum | Compute the checksum of one or more files. |
| comm | Compare two text files line by line. |
| cp | Copy a file or directory |
| csplit | Split a file into multiple files based on a pattern. |
| cut | |
| date | |
| dd | |
| df | |
| dir | |
| dircolors | |
| dirname | |
| du | |
| echo | |
| env | |
| expand | |
| expr | |
| factor | |
| false | |
find |
Locate files or directories by name or pattern. |
| fmt | |
| fold | |
grep |
Search through the content of text files and print matches. |
| groups | |
| head | |
| hostid | |
| hostname | |
| id | |
| install | |
| join | |
| kill | |
| link | |
| ln | |
| logname | |
| ls | |
| md5sum | |
| mkdir | |
| mkfifo | |
| mknod | |
| mktemp | |
| mv | |
| nice | |
| nl | |
| nohup | |
| nproc | |
| numfmt | |
| od | |
| paste | |
| pathchk | |
| pinky | |
| pr | |
| printenv | |
| printf | |
| ptx | |
| pwd | |
| readlink | |
| realpath | Output the absolute file name for the given file. |
| rm | Delete files, or directories. |
| rmdir | Delete a directory. |
| runcon | Execute a command with the specified security context. |
| seq | Output a sequence of numbers. |
| sha1sum | Calculate the SHA1 message digest for a given file. |
| sha224sum | Calculate the SHA224 message digest for a given file. |
| sha256sum | Calculate the SHA256 message digest for a given file. |
| sha384sum | Calculate the SHA384 message digest for a given file. |
| sha512sum | Calculate the SHA512 message digest for a given file. |
| shred | Overwrite the content of a file to hide the content of the file; optionally delete the file. |
| shuf | Randomize the input text and write to standard output (STDOUT). |
| sleep | Suspend execution for the specified amount of time. |
| sort | Sort lines of text files and output to standard output (STDOUT). |
| split | Split a file into one or more pieces. |
| stat | Output file status, or file system status |
| stdbuf | Execute a command with modified buffering settings for the standard streams. |
| stty | Output or modify terminal characteristics. |
| sum | Checksum the blocks in a file, and count the blocks in a file. |
| sync | Flush cached writes to persistent storage. |
| tac | Concatenate files, then print the file content to standard output (STDOUT) in reverse. |
| tail | Output the last 10 lines of the specified files to standard output (STDOUT). |
tar |
Combine multiple files, and directories into a single archive (.tar) file. |
| tee | Write standard input (STDIN) to each file AND also to standard output (STDOUT). |
| test | Determine the type of file. |
| timeout | Execute a command with a time limit. |
| touch | Create a file; or update the 'last accessed' time of a file. |
| tr | Substitute, or delete characters from the standard input (STDIN) write output to standard output (STDOUT). |
| true | Exit with a status code indicating success. |
| truncate | Increase or decrease the size of a file to the specified size. |
| tsort | Perform a topological sort of the input text. |
| tty | Output the file name of the terminal that is connected to standard input (STDIN). |
| uname | Output system information. |
| unexpand | Convert spaces to tabs. |
| uniq | Output text with adjacent matching lines of text removed. |
| unlink | Remove a file using the unlink function. |
| uptime | Output how long the current computer has been turned on and running. |
| users | Print the user names of all users who are currently logged into the current computer. |
| vdir | List the files in a directory. |
| wc | Print a newline count, word count, and byte count for each input file. |
which |
Prints the location of a command. |
| who | Show the users who are logged on to the computer |
| whoami | Print the username associated with the current effective user ID. |
| yes | Print a string repeatedly until stopped. |
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